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The Bundists
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Filmed, Edited and Directed: Eran Torbiner Research and Script: Eran Torbiner, Yaad Biran Yiddish Narration: Shura Grinhoiz, ...
Original title
הבונדאים
הסרט "בונדאים" (Bunda'im), בבימויו ובעריכתו של ערן טורבינר ובתחקיר משותף עם יעד בירן, הוא מסע קולנועי תיעודי ומרגש אל דברי הימים של תנועת ה"בונד" – תנועת הפועלים היהודית הסוציאליסטית שהייתה אחת הכוחות הפוליטיים והתרבותיים המשמעותיים ביותר בקרב יהדות מזרח אירופה לפני השואה. דרך קריינות יידית אותנטית של שורה גרינהויז ודמויות נוספות, הסרט מקלף את שכבות הזמן ומעניק פנים ושפה לדור שלם של מהפכנים שביקשו לתקן את העולם מבלי לזנוח את זהותם היהודית הייחודית. תנועת ה"בונד" (ביידיש: Algemeyner Yidisher Arbeter Bund) נוסדה בווילנה בשנת 1897, והיא דגלה בשילוב שבין סוציאליזם דמוקרטי לבין "דוֹאיקייט" (כאן-יות) – התפיסה לפיה על היהודים להילחם על זכויותיהם ועל עתידם במקום בו הם נמצאים, תוך טיפוח שפת היידיש כתרבות לאומית חילונית. בניגוד לתנועה הציונית שקראה לעלייה לארץ ישראל, הבונדאים ראו במזרח אירופה את מולדתם וביקשו לכונן בה חברה צודקת ושוויונית. הסרט מציג את המתח האידיאולוגי הזה ואת עושר העשייה של התנועה, שהקימה רשתות חינוך, עיתונות וארגוני עובדים ענפים. מלבד הערך ההיסטורי, היצירה של טורבינר מתמקדת בדמויות האחרונות שנשארו כעדות חיה לאותה תקופה סוערת. הסרט בוחן בעין רגישה את השקיעה של האידיאולוגיה הבונדאית אל מול תהפוכות המאה ה-20 – השואה שהחריבה את מרכזי התרבות ביידיש, והקמת מדינת ישראל שבה נדחקה מורשת הבונד לשולי הזיכרון הקולקטיבי. דרך ראיונות וסיפורים אישיים, נחשף פסיפס של אנשים שהמשיכו להחזיק בחלום על עולם צודק יותר, גם כאשר המציאות הפוליטית סביבם השתנתה ללא הכר. הסרט "בונדאים" הוא לא רק מסמך היסטורי על תנועה פוליטית, אלא קינה על שפה ותרבות שנדמו. הוא מזמין את הצופה לתהות על שאלות של זהות, גלות ושייכות, ומעניק כבוד אחרון לדור של לוחמי צדק חברתי שדיברו וחלמו ביידיש. השילוב בין התחקיר המעמיק של יעד בירן לבין הראייה הקולנועית של ערן טורבינר יוצר חוויה ויזואלית ואינטלקטואלית המאירה פינה נשכחת אך קריטית בהיסטוריה היהודית המודרנית.
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