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TWA Hostages Released - 1985 | Today in History | 30 June 16
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Original title
שחרור בני הערובה ממטוס TWA - היום בהיסטוריה, 30 ביוני 1985
דרמה בינלאומית מורטת עצבים הגיעה לסיומה עם שחרורם של 39 בני הערובה האמריקאים שהוחזקו בלבנון לאחר חטיפת טיסה 847 של חברת TWA. האירוע, שהחל ביוון והסתיים במבצע לוגיסטי מורכב בדמשק, סימן את אחד מרגעי השפל והשיא בהתמודדות המערב עם הטרור האווירי בשנות השמונים. הפרשה החלה ב-14 ביוני 1985, כאשר מחבלים מארגון Hezbollah השתלטו על מטוס Boeing 727 שהיה בדרכו מאתונה לרומא. במהלך 17 ימי המשבר, המטוס דילג בין ביירות לאלג'יר, בעוד החוטפים דורשים את שחרורם של מאות אסירים שיעים הכלואים בישראל. האירוע נחרת בזיכרון הקולקטיבי בעקבות הרצח האכזרי של צוללן חיל הים האמריקאי, Robert Stethem, שגופתו הושלכה מהמטוס על המסלול בביירות. ההיבטים הטכניים והמבצעיים של ניהול המשבר דרשו תיאום הדוק בין ממשל Reagan לבין גורמים בסוריה ובישראל. המשא ומתן המורכב מאחורי הקלעים הוביל לבסוף להעברת החטופים בשיירה של ה-Red Cross מביירות לדמשק, ומשם הם הוטסו בבטחה לבסיס חיל האוויר Rhein-Main בגרמניה על גבי מטוס C-141 Starlifter. המבצע הדגיש את המורכבות שבניהול אירועי מיקוח מול ארגונים תת-מדינתיים בעידן המלחמה הקרה. סיום הפרשה הותיר שאלות פתוחות רבות בנוגע למדיניות אי-הכניעה לטרור וההשלכות של עסקאות עקיפות על ביטחון התעופה העולמי. מעבר להקלה המיידית עם שחרור השבויים, האירוע הוביל לשינוי דרמטי בנהלי האבטחה בנמלי תעופה בין-לאומיים וחיזק את המאמצים המודיעיניים של ה-CIA וה-FBI במזרח התיכון. תמונות החטופים המתאחדים עם משפחותיהם נותרו עד היום עדות למתח שבין דיפלומטיה לבין שימוש בכוח צבאי אל מול איומים לא קונבנציונליים.
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