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Menachem Tilman: The Kastner Affair – Fate of Hungarian Jewry
Description
Lecture on the Kastner Affair and the fate of Hungarian Jewry during the Holocaust.
Original title
מנחם טילמן: פרשת קסטנר וגורל יהדות הונגריה
פרשת קסטנר נחשבת לאחת הסוגיות הטעונות והמורכבות ביותר בתולדות מדינת ישראל, והיא מעלה שאלות מוסריות והיסטוריות קשות בנוגע להצלת יהודים במהלך השואה. הסקירה שלפנינו צוללת לעומק האירועים שהתרחשו בהונגריה של שנת 1944, תוך בחינת פעילותה של "ועדת העזרה וההצלה" בבודפשט והנסייונות הנואשים למנוע את השמדתה של הקהילה היהודית האחרונה שנותרה שלמה באירופה. הרקע ההיסטורי מתמקד בתקופה שבין פלישת ה-Wehrmacht להונגריה במרץ 1944 לבין סיום המלחמה, תקופה שבה הועברו מאות אלפי יהודים למחנה Auschwitz תוך שבועות ספורים. במרכז העלילה עומד ישראל קסטנר, שניהל משא ומתן ישיר ומסוכן עם Adolf Eichmann וקציני ה-SS הבכירים בניסיון להמיר חיי אדם בסחורות ומשאיות. ההרצאה עוברת דרך ציוני דרך קריטיים, החל מסיפורה של "רכבת ההצלה" ועד למשפט הדיבה המפורסם בירושלים בשנות החמישים, שטלטל את החברה הישראלית הצעירה. במהלך התיאור נחשפים פרטים טכניים ובירוקרטיים על המנגנון הנאצי ועל המאמצים הדיפלומטיים החשאיים שבוצעו מול ה-American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee וגורמים בינלאומיים נוספים. הממצאים המוצגים בוחנים את העדויות ההיסטוריות ואת הפרוטוקולים שחשפו את המורכבות של עסקת ה-Blood for Goods, תוך ניסיון להבין באילו תנאים פעל קסטנר והאם אכן עמדה בפניו ברירה אחרת אל מול מכונת ההשמדה המשומנת. לפרשה זו השפעה ארוכת טווח על הזיכרון הקולקטיבי ועל הדרך שבה נתפסת הגבורה אל מול השיתוף פעולה במצבי קיצוניות. השאלות הפתוחות בנוגע למניעיו של קסטנר, המחיר המוסרי של ההצלה הסלקטיבית והשפעת המשפט על הנהגת המדינה באותן שנים, ממשיכות להדהד גם כיום. זהו מחקר מעמיק על גורל אנושי, פוליטיקה של הישרדות והגבול הדק שבין הצלה להפקרה בצל הטרגדיה הגדולה ביותר של העם היהודי.
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