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Hourglass: Yamit Evacuation and Sinai Settlements 1982
Description
Documentary on the dramatic evacuation of Yamit and the Sinai settlements as part of the peace agreement with Egypt.
Original title
שעון חול: פינוי ימית והתיישבות בסיני 1982
פינוי העיר ימית ויישובי חבל שלום בסיני עומד במרכזו של מחקר דוקומנטרי הבוחן את אחד הרגעים הטעונים והמורכבים ביותר בתולדות מדינת ישראל. באמצעות חומרי ארכיון נדירים וראיונות, נחשפת הדרמה שהתחוללה סביב הנסיגה מחצי האי סיני במסגרת הסכם השלום עם מצרים. המפגש בין אידיאולוגיה התיישבותית לבין הכרעות מדיניות גורליות יצר קרע עמוק בחברה הישראלית שתהודתו מורגשת עד היום. האירועים הגיעו לשיאם באפריל 1982, תחת ממשלת בגין, כאשר צה"ל נדרש לפנות אלפי אזרחים מבתיהם בסיני. התהליך ההיסטורי החל עוד בשיחות קמפ דייוויד בשנת 1978, שם הוחלט על החזרת הריבונות בסיני לידי מצרים תחת פיקוח בינלאומי. המתח הגיע לנקודת רתיחה בימית, שם התבצרו פעילי תנועת העצירה כנגד כוחות הביטחון, במה שהפך לסמל של התנגדות אזרחית ומשבר לאומי חריף. הצד הטכני של הפינוי כלל מבצע לוגיסטי אדיר שבמסגרתו נהרסו תשתיות עירוניות ובתי מגורים כדי למנוע התיישבות חוזרת. דחפורי הנדסה צבאיים וציוד כבד פעלו מסביב לשעון כדי למחוק את עקבות העיר מן החולות, תוך שימוש בטכניקות הריסה מבוקרות. לצד זאת, הסרטון מציג את פינוי בסיסי חיל האוויר האסטרטגיים כמו איתם ועציון, והעברת מטוסים מדגמי F-15 ו-F-16 לבסיסים חדשים שנבנו בנגב בסיוע של ה-Pentagon. התיעוד מעלה שאלות נוקבות על המחיר הכבד של שלום אזורי ועל האובדן האישי של אלו שבנו את חייהם במדבר. השפעת הפינוי עיצבה את דוקטרינת הביטחון של ישראל ואת אופן הטיפול בפינוי יישובים בעשורים שאחרי, כמו ההתנתקות מרצועת עזה. המציאות הגיאופוליטית החדשה שנוצרה בסיני נותרה מבחן משמעותי ליציבות היחסים בין ירושלים לקהיר, תחת עיניהן הפקוחות של המדינות הערביות והקהילה הבינלאומית.
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